New Jersey's long and storied history is filled with military engagements that played a significant role in the birth and defense of the United States. Scattered across the state are forts that stood as bulwarks against foreign invasions, defended key cities, and served as training grounds for soldiers destined to fight in distant wars.

From the Revolutionary War to World War II, these forts were critical in shaping not only New Jersey’s military history but also the nations. This article takes a closer look at 10 of the most famous forts in New Jersey. These forts were not just military installations but sites of courage, innovation, and endurance that left lasting legacies.

Fort Lee

Fort Lee, perched on the Hudson River cliffs, was built in 1776 to block British ships during the Revolutionary War. After the fall of Fort Washington, Fort Lee was abandoned in a historic retreat led by General George Washington. His troops marched across New Jersey, regrouping to win the Battle of Trenton. The importance of Fort Lee mirrors that of New Jersey military bases, which continue to support national defense today.

Fort Lee Historic Park now offers insights into this pivotal moment. Visitors can explore the same paths as Washington’s troops and view exhibits on the fort’s role in the war, with stunning views of the Hudson River and Manhattan skyline.

Fort Hancock

Fort Hancock, located on Sandy Hook, was established in 1895 as a coastal defense fort protecting New York Harbor. As part of the U.S. seacoast defense system, it housed heavy artillery to repel naval attacks, particularly during World War I and II, when threats from German U-boats were significant. Fort Hancock played a critical role during these conflicts, with soldiers stationed to man the guns and keep watch over the Atlantic. Its historical importance mirrors the ongoing support systems provided to veterans, such as Military retirement benefits, which ensure long-term care for those who have served.

Today, Fort Hancock is part of the Gateway National Recreation Area, blending military history with natural beauty. Visitors can explore preserved buildings, including officers' quarters and barracks, while enjoying the scenic views, hiking trails, and Sandy Hook Beach. The nearby Sandy Hook Lighthouse adds to the site’s rich historical experience, offering a glimpse into America’s coastal defense legacy.

Fort Dix

Fort Dix, established in 1917 during World War I, became a key training ground for soldiers heading to the European front. Over the decades, it played a crucial role in preparing troops for World War II, the Korean War, and beyond. The base not only trained hundreds of thousands of soldiers but also shaped them into disciplined warriors ready for battle.

Influential military leaders like bernard montgomeryinspired the strategic training programs that defined these soldiers' preparation. Today, as part of Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, Fort Dix continues its essential mission, supporting military operations and national emergency responses.

Fort Mott

Fort Mott was constructed in 1896 along the Delaware River as part of a broader coastal defense system aimed at protecting key industrial cities like Philadelphia from naval attacks. Equipped with large artillery pieces designed to repel enemy ships, Fort Mott was a critical part of the defenses that protected the United States’ eastern seaboard during times of war. Though Fort Mott never saw active combat, it was maintained in a state of readiness throughout the Spanish-American Warand World War I, with soldiers stationed at the fort to man its guns and keep an eye on potential threats.

Today, Fort Mott is preserved as a state park and offers a unique opportunity to explore the remains of New Jersey’s coastal defense system. Visitors can walk through the old gun batteries, explore the underground bunkers, and learn about the soldiers who served here during times of heightened military tension. The park also offers scenic views of the Delaware River and provides a peaceful setting for hiking and picnicking while reflecting on the fort’s historical importance in protecting the region.

Fort Mercer

Fort Mercer played a pivotal role during the Revolutionary War, particularly in the Battle of Red Bank, which took place on October 22, 1777. Fort Mercer, along with Fort Mifflin across the Delaware River, was built to prevent British forces from resupplying their troops in Philadelphia. During the Battle of Red Bank, American forces at Fort Mercer successfully defended the fort against an overwhelming Hessian assault, resulting in a significant victory for the Continental Army. This battle disrupted British supply lines and boosted American morale during a critical phase of the war.

Today, the site of Fort Mercer is part of Red Bank Battlefield Park, where visitors can explore the preserved earthworks that once formed the fort’s defenses. The park also features monuments to the soldiers who fought and died during the battle, as well as interpretive exhibits that tell the story of this important Revolutionary War engagement. Visitors can attend historical reenactments that bring the battle to life and offer a deeper understanding of the strategies and sacrifices made by the American forces at Fort Mercer.

Fort Nonsense

Fort Nonsense, located on a hill overlooking Morristown, was constructed in 1777 under the orders of General George Washington. While its original purpose remains a subject of historical debate, some believe the fort was intended to serve as a defensive stronghold in the event of a British attack on Morristown, which was a key encampment for Washington’s army during the winter months. Others suggest that the fort was built simply to keep soldiers occupied during the long winter, hence the name “Fort Nonsense.”

Regardless of its original intent, the fort symbolizes the resourcefulness and resilience of the Continental Army during the difficult winter of 1777-1778. Although no battles were fought at Fort Nonsense, its location offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape and provides a peaceful retreat for visitors interested in Revolutionary War history. The site is now part of Morristown National Historical Park, which includes other key Revolutionary War sites such as Washington’s Headquarters.

Fort Monmouth

Fort Monmouth, established in 1917, became a hub for technological innovation during World War II. Originally built as a training and supply post, the fort quickly became a center for the development of military communications technology, including radar and radio systems. These innovations played a crucial role in the U.S. military’s success during the war, particularly in the areas of aerial surveillance and communications.

Fort Monmouth’s contributions to the war effort helped establish the United States as a global leader in military technology. Although Fort Monmouth was officially closed in 2011, its legacy as a center for military innovation lives on. Many of the fort’s former facilities have been repurposed for civilian use, but its contributions to the development of military technology during World War II continue to be remembered.

Fort Billingsport

Fort Billingsport holds the distinction of being the first land purchase authorized by the Continental Congress in 1777. Located along the Delaware River, the fort was strategically positioned to protect the river from British naval forces seeking to invade Philadelphia. Although the fort never saw major combat, its construction marked an important step in the development of American military defenses during the Revolutionary War.

Fort Billingsport was part of a larger network of fortifications designed to safeguard key waterways and prevent British forces from resupplying their troops. Today, Fort Billingsport is a historic site that offers visitors the opportunity to explore its remnants and learn about its role in defending the Delaware River. The site also provides insight into the early military strategies employed by the Continental Army as they fought to secure American independence.

Fort Gibson

Fort Gibson, located on Ellis Island, was originally constructed during the War of 1812 to defend New York Harbor from British attacks. Over the years, Fort Gibson evolved to serve a variety of purposes, including acting as part of Ellis Island’s immigration station. During the Civil War, Fort Gibson once again took on a defensive role, helping to protect New York Harbor from potential Confederate naval attacks.

Although the fort’s military role diminished over time, its location on Ellis Island made it a key part of the nation’s defense network for many years.Visitors to Ellis Island can still see the remains of Fort Gibson, which has been preserved as part of the Ellis Island National Museum of Immigration. The fort’s history is intertwined with Ellis Island’s role as a gateway for millions of immigrants, making it one of New Jersey’s most historically significant forts.

Fort Wilhelmus

Fort Wilhelmus, built in 1624 on Burlington Island, was one of the first military installations established by European settlers in what is now New Jersey. Constructed by the Dutch, the fort was intended to protect their settlements along the Delaware River from attacks by Native American tribes and rival European powers. Although the fort was short-lived, its construction marked the beginning of European colonization in New Jersey and played a significant role in the early history of the region.

While little remains of Fort Wilhelmus today, its historical significance is undeniable. As one of the earliest examples of European military fortifications in North America, Fort Wilhelmus represents a critical moment in the history of New Jersey’s development. The fort’s legacy is preserved through historical records and archaeological research, offering valuable insights into the early days of colonial settlement and defense.

Historical Importance Of New Jersey’s Forts

The forts of New Jersey are far more than relics of the past; they were central to America’s military strategy from the Revolutionary War through the 20th century. These fortifications protected vital waterways, trained soldiers, and served as testing grounds for technological innovations that reshaped warfare. Each fort tells a unique story of bravery, ingenuity, and perseverance, offering us a window into the challenges faced by those who defended the state and the nation.

The tactics used during historical campaigns like the belgrade offensiveinfluenced military training at these forts, highlighting their strategic importance. While their military roles have ended, these forts continue to serve the public as state parks, museums, and educational sites. They preserve the memory of those who fought to protect the nation and allow future generations to learn about the critical role New Jersey played in shaping America’s military history.

Economic And Cultural Impact - A Legacy Beyond Warfare

The economic and cultural impacts of New Jersey’s forts extend far beyond their military functions. For many years, these forts provided employment opportunities and supported local businesses by bringing in soldiers, workers, and military families. Even today, these historic sites attract tourists, historians, and military enthusiasts, contributing to the local economy by hosting reenactments, educational programs, and community events.

Culturally, these forts serve as focal points for historical preservation and public education. They offer a tangible link to the past, allowing visitors to walk the same grounds where soldiers once stood and to reflect on the sacrifices made to defend the country. By preserving these forts, New Jersey honors its military heritage and ensures that the lessons of the past continue to inspire future generations.

FAQs

What Is The Most Famous Fort In New Jersey?

Fort Dix is one of the most well-known forts in New Jersey, given its long history as a training center and its current role in Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst.

Are Any Of These Forts Open To The Public?

Yes, several forts, including Fort Mott and Fort Mercer, are open to the public as state parks and historical sites, offering tours, exhibits, and educational programs.

What Role Did Fort Lee Play During The Revolutionary War?

Fort Lee was a key defensive stronghold during the Revolutionary War, designed to prevent British forces from advancing up the Hudson River. It became famous for George Washington’s retreat following the fall of Fort Washington.

Which Forts In New Jersey Are Now State Parks?

Fort Mott and Fort Mercer have been preserved as state parks, while Fort Hancock is part of the Gateway National Recreation Area.

How Do These Forts Contribute To Local Communities Today?

Many forts contribute to local economies through tourism and cultural events. They offer educational opportunities, historical reenactments, and outdoor activities that attract visitors and support businesses in the surrounding areas.

Final Thoughts

New Jersey’s forts stand as silent sentinels, guarding the history of a state that played a pivotal role in defending the nation throughout its history. From the Revolutionary War to the World Wars of the 20th century, these forts were not just military installations but symbols of resilience, innovation, and the enduring spirit of American defense.

Today, they serve as educational and cultural landmarks, allowing us to reflect on the sacrifices made by previous generations. Visiting these forts offers a unique opportunity to walk in the footsteps of soldiers, experience the history they defended, and appreciate the lasting impact they’ve had on both the local communities and the nation as a whole.

These forts are more than just historical sites, they are living memorials to the bravery and dedication of those who served.